#astu, #evam, #nanu, #be it so
| astu | (3. sg. Imper.) , let it be, be it so  |
| evam | ind. (fr. pronominal base e–  ;probably connected with 1. ev/a–), thus, in this way, in such a manner, such, (it is not found in the oldest hymns of the veda–, where its place is taken by 1. ev/a–,but occurs in later hymns ind. in the brāhmaṇa–s, especially in connection with vid–,”to know”, and its derivatives[ exempli gratia, ‘for example’ ya evaṃ veda–,he who knows so; see evaṃ–v/id–, column 3];in classical Sanskrit evam–occurs very frequently, especially in connection with the roots vac–,”to speak”, and śru–,”to hear”, and refers to what precedes as well as to what follows[ exempli gratia, ‘for example’evam uktvā–,having so said; evam evaitat–,this is so; evam astu–or evam bhavatu–,be it so, I assent; asty evam–,it is so; yady evam–,if this be so; kim evam–,how so? what is the meaning of it? what does this refer to? maivam–,not so! evam–– yathā–or yathā–– evam–,so – as]) etc. |
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| nanu | ind. (2. n/a–+ nu–) not, not at all, never ; (interr.) not? is it not? = nonne etc. etc. (hence often =) certainly, surely, indeed, no doubt (especially in questions amounting to an affirmation exempli gratia, ‘for example’ nanv ahaṃ te priyaḥ–,am I not your friend id est certainly I am your friend [so also na ca–,there can be no doubt ],or to a request exempli gratia, ‘for example’ nanu gacchāmi– bhoḥ–,surely I may go , and even as a responsive particle exempli gratia, ‘for example’ akārṣīḥ kaṭamnanu karomi bhoḥ–,indeed I have made it ;with another interr. or an imperative = pray, please exempli gratia, ‘for example’ nanu ko bhavān–,pray who are you? ; nanūcyatām–,please tell ;in argument often as an inceptive particle implying doubt or objection,”now it may be said, well, but then”etc., especially in nanv astu–,or nanu mā bhūt–tathāpi–,well, be it so or not so-nevertheless)  |
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